On the one side, Russia, China, Iran, Syria, Hezbollah/Lebanon. These are the Shia Muslims.
"Beijing is reported to have asked Egyptian
authorities to permit the passage through the Suez Canal in late June of
12 naval ships heading for the Syrian port of Tartus, where Moscow
maintains a naval and marine base."
-- http://www.debka.com/article/22094/Russia-China-Iran-plan-to-stage-in-Syria-%E2%80%9Cbiggest-Mid-East-maneuver%E2%80%9D-
On the other side, the US, NATO/G-20, Turkey, Jordan, Israel, Saudi Arabia and the Syrian Rebels. The Arabs involved are the Sunni Muslims.
The UN is ineffective is stopping this, just like the League of Nations was ineffective in stopping WW2.
"Moscow, by sending troops to Syria without UN Security Council approval, has set a precedent for the United States,
the European Union and Arab governments to follow. They all held back
from sending troops to Syria because all motions to apply force for
halting the bloodshed in Syria were blocked in the UN body by Russia and China."
--http://www.debka.com/article/22088/US-military-intervention-in-Syria-%E2%80%93-%E2%80%9CNot-if-but-when%E2%80%9D
"The President Bashar al-Assad, retains the support of his armed
forces because the officer class, and many of the troops, belong to his
own Alawite sect. The Alawites, an offshoot of Shia Islam, are a
minority in Syria, but they have governed the country for almost half a
century.
Without foreign intervention on the
side of the rebels, it is likely that Assad would have crushed the
revolt by now, doubtless brutally. But the Syrian civil war has been
fomented by outside interests. Saudi Arabia and other Sunni states have
been backing the rebels, supplying them with money and arms. So has
Turkey and so, crucially, has the USA. Assad, however, is backed by
Russia, the long time ally of the regime which provides Russia with a
Mediterranean port. Iran also supports Assad and it is the link between
Iran and Syria, rather than humanitarian impulses, which accounts for
American support of the rebellion."
--http://www.scotsman.com/news/allan-massie-syria-remains-mired-in-conflict-as-egypt-evolves-1-2364074
The Suez Canal is open to warships of all countries, in time of war or peace.
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