Vatican Economics

I'm not Catholic and not a big fan of the Vatican, but I find Vatican economic regulation interesting.

First there is the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See, (APSA) which is the Central Bank of Vatican City.  It was established in 1967, and is a successor to the Administration of the Property of the Holy See.  The president is Domenico Calcagno.

Second is the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See (PAESS).  It was also established in 1967 and is headed by Cardinal Joseph F.X. Zahra (another source says that it is Cardinal Giuseppe Versaldi).  It oversees all offices of the Holy See that manage finances.  This is in effect the Treasury Department of the Vatican.

Third is the Vatican Financial Information Authority (AIF).  It was established by Pope Benedict XVI in 2010 and is headed by Bishop Giorgio Corbellini.  It monitors the monetary and commercial activities of Vatican agencies, including the Vatican Bank.

Fourth, there is a new Secretariat for the Economy headed by Archbishop George Pell, whose title is Prefect. The Secretariat also has a General Secretary, Monsignor Brian Ferme.  It is advised by the Council for the Economy, headed by Reinhard Marx.  There was a "Council of Cardinals for the Study of Organisational and Economic Problems of the Holy See", known as the "Economic Council of Cardinals", which was a predecessor of the Council for the Economy.

All or some of these supervise the Institute for the Works of Religion (IOR), popularly known as the Vatican Bank, whose president is Ernst von Freyberg.  Despite being located on the sovereign territory of the Vatican State, it is not owned by the Holy See.  If it were it would be regulated by the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See.

In addition to these, there are two agencies tasked with reforming the Vatican economy: the Pontifical Commission for Reference on the Organization of the Economic- Administrative Structure of the Holy See (COSEA), and the Pontifical Commission for Reference on the Institute for Works of Religion (CRIOR).

There is also the State Accounting Administration of the Governorate of Vatican City State, headed by Antonio Chiminello, which manages the finances of the Vatican City State.  And don't forget the Accountant General, Stefano Fralleoni, or the  new auditor-general, who has not been appointed yet.

Such a lot of financial agencies for such a small country.

Update: There is a new Vatican Asset Management Department that will handle investments.

Update: I didn't mention the Apostolic Camera, headed by the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, currently Cardinal Kevin Farrell.  It was the central board of finance in the Papal administrative system.  While it still exists, it hasn't had practical importance since 1870 when the Papal States where annexed to Italy.